This series has made references to the Honest Axe story before, so I went and fetched a Woodcutter's Axe of my own to throw in. Joshua 9:14 is the key to Israel's problem. ', Bartleby.com, in its article, Falashas, says: A second airlift of more than 14,000 occurred in May, 1991, bringing [the] total in Israel to more than 70,000.. The tabernacle of the Lord that Moses created and the altar of burnt offering can be found at a high place in Gideon. The author of Joshua appears to be demonstrating on more than one occasionand thereby reaffirmingthat God indeed intends to bless all the families of the earth through Israel, as unwitting as Israel may be, according to his promise to Abraham (Genesis 12:3). This is still true today of how the enemy, Satan, will use deception against us. Launched Shavuot 5773 / 2013 | Copyright Project TABS, All Rights Reserved, script type="text/javascript"> However, a Natin may marry Mamzerim and Gerim. It would appear that some, at least, of these tombs had been cut during earlier periods and were being reused. King Saul and his sons violated the covenant made at Joshuas time hundreds of years later when they murdered some of the Gibeonites and planned to slaughter the rest. Thereupon he said to them: This nation[19] is distinguished by three characteristics: They are merciful, bashful and benevolent. This can be seen in his halakhic work, Arbaah Turim [Tur], in which he rules that converts to Judaism should be accepted even if they had converted out of love for a Jewish partner or desire for Jewish prestige or fear of Jewish power (Yoreh Deah 268, s.v. 2 junio, 2022; couples challenge tiktok; dome structure examples ing adj. But there's something else I want to point out in this passage. [26] Was there favouritism then! Well ,Moses marry a black-skin woman and since this the area of the world are black- skin people existed I think k it is true plus they had black -skin pharoahs, Joshua 11:16-20 .16 So Joshua took this entire land: the hill country, all the Negev, the whole region of Goshen, the western foothills, the Arabah and the mountains of Israel with their foothills, 17 from Mount Halak, which rises toward Seir, to Baal Gad in the Valley of Lebanon below Mount Hermon. They had . s.v. And 2Chronicles1:3So Solomon, and all the congregation with him, went to the high place that was at Gibeon; for there was the tabernacle of the congregation of God, which Moses the servant of the Lord had made in the wilderness.. She received her M.A. Potsherds and coinage from the Late Hellenistic and Hasmonean periods, dating to Antiochus III's and John Hyrcanus' reigns, were discovered at the site. Say: Today we will look at sin and the consequences of it again, only this time we will see what happens when someone tricks another. What happened subsequently to the descendants of the dark-skinned Gibeonites or Hivites? Israelites are also warned against abusing or withholding wages from poor workers, whether they are fellow Israelites or gerim, foreigners or sojourners (Deut 24:14). This angered God and was only amended years later after sacrificing seven of Sauls sons to the Gibeonites by hanging them before Jehovah at Sauls hometown, Gibeah. Why did God command Israel in 1 Samuel 15:3 to kill women, children and infants of the Amalikites. santos executive team. [23] Why just these? When they came to the Israelites, the Israelites thought they were from a far away land and made a treaty with them. However, under Joshua, the Gibeonites, pretending to be a people from far away, tricked the Israelites into acting hastily by making a covenant with them to let them live amongst them (Joshua 9). Will sinners burn forever and ever in hell? There's more to this story than just a warning about not submitting your plans to the Lord. The Gibeonites, who belonged to the Hivites (who were descendants from Canaan, the son of Ham, 1 Chronicles 1:8, 13-15), were one of the peoples which had occupied the Promised Land, prior to Israels arrival (Exodus 3:8). All of our resources exist to guide you toward everlasting joy in Jesus Christ. "Make a covenant with us," they pleaded (9:11). The Gibeonites were, in a general sense, Amorites (2 Samuel 21:2). Bible Based.We believe in solo-scriptura. A place where God made the sun stands still during the war between the Israelites and the Amorites. Existing or coming before another or others: in preceding years; on a preceding page. brookfield asset management employee benefits / broadview police hiring / broadview police hiring How Long Was Joseph In Potiphars House? They also cracked their wineskins so it looked like they had been on a long journey. The work of these lowly jobs was the penalty of the Gibeonites. The Gibeonites, who belonged to the Hivites (who were descendants from Canaan, the son of Ham, 1 Chronicles 1:8, 13-15), were one of the peoples which had occupied the Promised Land, prior to Israel's arrival (Exodus 3:8). Theres no mention of it in the Bible. Legitimate Lands and Properties [61] The 10th-century lexicographer, David ben Abraham al-Fasi identified al-b" (now al-Jib) with the ancient city Gibeon, which view was accepted by Frants Buhl and by other historical geographers[62] and described as such in the Hebrew Lexicon compiled by Wilhelm Gesenius,[63] and proved by Hebrew inscriptions unearthed in 1956. righteousness) Gen. XVIII. Your email address will not be published. window.location.replace(""); In fact he did let him pass and it retained him, but he invoked on his behalf divine mercy and it released him. are the gibeonites still woodcutters. They were Hittites and Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. However, when the people of . Amasa was also killed here (2 Samuel 20:8). Gibeonites are the people of Gibeon who descended from Hivites and Amorites. B. Pritchard, Culture and History, in J. P. Hyatt (ed. Abner and Joab, along with their armies, met and fought at Helkath-hazzurim, a place found in Gibeon. Easily See 6017 Years of Biblical and World History Together! Had they dealt honestly with Israel, their lives would still have been saved, and they would probably have been released from slavery. contact@eternalgod.org. Most people in the world have no experience of lasting joy in their lives. Romans 11:30-32). Details about sacrificing the seven men of Sauls sons to the Gibeonites as atonement after Sauls treatment to the Gibeonites. After three days, the Israelites discovered that the Gibeonite cities were close by and that they had been deceived. See also, Myron B. Lerner, The Works of Aggadic Midrash and the Esther Midrashim, in The Literature of the Sages, Part 2, ed. There are a few words we need to talk about before we . Jeremiah And The Gibeonite. Tyler Kenney is digital content manager at Ligonier Ministries. A second access point to this source from the base of the hill is still in use today. [3] In most of the Torahs legislative sections, and especially in Deuteronomy, poor people require special attention and assistance from the larger Israelite community (e.g., Deut 15:711). The chapter ends with the narrators summary of what happened with the Gibeonites: The implication of the story is that, from this point on, the woodchoppers and water drawers in the Temple were Gibeonites. Real Questions. The first identification of al-Jib with the ancient Canaanite city of Gibeon was made by Frantz Ferdinand von Troilo in 1666, and later adopted by Edward Robinson in 1838 in his Biblical Researches in Palestine. Joshua 5-9 Joshua son of Nun secretly sent two men as spies from the Acacia Grove, saying, "Go and scout the land, especially Jericho." So they left, and they came to the house of a prostitute named Rahab, and stayed there. [47] Whereas the Biblical prohibitions against intermarriage with the Moabites, Ammonites, Egyptians and Edomites only applied for a certain number of generations or did not apply at all to their daughters, the ban on marriage with Mamzerim and Nethinim was deemed "perpetual and applies both to males and females". The whole assembly grumbled against the leaders, 19 but all the leaders answered, "We have given them our oath by the Lord, the God of Israel, and we cannot touch them now. Thus, for instance, R. Joseph ibn Kaspi (12791340) makes only a grammatical point: R. Obadiah Sforno (ca. In essence: (i) the Gibeonites are not killed, because the leaders of the Israelite community had given an oath in the name of God (verses 18-20); and (ii) though the Gibeonites are protected, they are condemned to be hewers of wood and drawers of water, and they are cursed (verses 21-23). Charles F. Pfeiffer, art. [19] Moreover, it presents the Gibeonites as volunteering to serve the Israelite community. The remains of Gibeon are located in the southern portion of the Palestinian village of al-Jib. In MBII, however, a substantial city with finely made pottery was found. [34] But that[35] might have represented mere public service! [24] For more on this group in peshat and rabbinic interpretation, see David Zucker, Erev Rav: A Mixed Multitude of Meanings, TheTorah (2020). 2 Samuel 21:2 indicates that King Saul pursued the Gibeonites and sought to kill them off "in his zeal for the children of Israel and Judah" (2 Samuel 21:5). Even in the Old Testament, God had a heart for and was saving Gentiles, even if, in the mystery of his providence, it was through the disobedience and failures of his people Israel (cf. [33] Might not these have been Israelites? Joshua 9:3-21. Gen 10:17 So the last few things we have looked at are the fall of Jericho, and Satan's first real attempt to thwart the nation. [26] Another exegete who goes this route is the 15th century Yemenite sage, R. Zechariah ben Solomon HaRofe, in his Midrash Haefetz: [27] Equally interesting but far more complex is the Maharals approach to this passage in his Rashi supercommentary (Gur Aryeh), in which he problematizes Rashi by trying to understand why Moses would have designated these particular Canaanites as woodchoppers and water-drawers rather than accepting them entirely or rejecting them entirely due to the prohibitions against Canaanite intermarriage. Joshua made a treaty with the Gibeonites without inquiring of the Lord. script>. Maimonides also famously supported the rights of converts, as described in James A. Diamond, Maimonides and the Convert: A Juridical and Philosophical Embrace of the Outsider, Medieval Philosophy and Theology 11 (2003): 125146. The vast army of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon surrounded all the walls of Jerusalem. The original inhabitants of the Promised Land were Canaanites. . And in Nehemiah we find that a group of Gibeonites assisted in the rebuilding of the wall around Jerusalem. how much more that of common people; and if such [was the justice done for] unattached proselytes, how much more so for Israelites, A hundred and fifty thousand men immediately joined Israel; as it is said, And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bore burdens, and fourscore thousand that were hewers in the mountain. They may not, for example, marry a Jew by birth. That day he made the Gibeonites woodcutters and water carriers for the community and for the altar of the Lord at the place the Lord would choose. In fact, Yeah she was grandfather had African origin. The drought was then revealed to be divine judgement against King Saul's decision to completely exterminate the Gibeonites (2 Samuel 21:1), in his "zeal for Israel and Judah". And they were found a hundred and fifty thousand etc. This event is not itself recorded in the biblical narrative,[7] although Gill refers to a Jewish tradition linking this slaughter to the slaughter of the priests at Nob (1 Samuel 22:6-19). are the gibeonites still woodcutterslivrer de la nourriture non halal. This lesson teaches that Christians need to be very careful in their decisions lest, by their dependence on their own judgment rather than on God, they bring problems on themselves. Third, Rashi introduces the term , to convert, into his narrative. The answer is yes.but with our fallen humanity we only get glimpses a lot of the time but we are urged to keep pressing on to know all that God has for us. [58] Only seven tombs are known from the period, but they nevertheless point to a degree of sophistication, as they contained imported Cypriote ware and local potters attempted to copy Mycenaean and Cypriote pottery. And it was Bathshebas grandfather who was of African ancestry. [20] This may subtly paint converts as unwanted Israelites whom Moses and Joshua relegated to second-class citizenship, which would fit with other negative statements Rashi makes about converts elsewhere. Its inhabitants submitted voluntarily to Joshua at the time of the Israelite conquest of Canaan (Josh. What are the 7 principles of democracy? And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite. To me the famine was only ended when the Lord Gods wrath was ended.. [19] Perhaps this is what lies behind the brief comment in the Lekach Tov of R. Toviah ben Eliezer (11th cent. This means that by then, some of the modern tribes of the houses of Israel and Judahthe United States of America and the Jewish peoplewill have assisted approximately 90,000 modern-day Gibeonites or Falashas resettling to the state of Israel. Joshua makes them woodcutters and water bearers. By Posted sd sheriff whos in jail In alabama gymnastics: roster 2021 examples of bad manners. David handed over Armoni and Mephibosheth, two of the sons of Saul and the five sons of Merab (Saul's daughter) to the Gibeonites, who hanged them. Later in the Iron Age, another tunnel of 93 steps was constructed to a better water source[dubious discuss] below the city starting from a point near the pool. But here, too, favouritism is involved!,[27] The fact, however, is that he invoked divine mercy that the Ark should not retain him. According to the Bible, the Israelites were commanded to destroy all non-Israelite Canaanites in Palestine. of 1969]), 252253. Gen 10:15 They would have to cut firewood and bring it for the priests to use for burning sacrifices on the LORD's altar, wherever the LORD decided the altar would be. But then they unwittingly enter into covenant with a whole nation of them. If [the punishment of] royal princes was so great. He saved Jonathan's son, also called Mephibosheth, from this peril because of his covenant with Jonathan (2 Samuel 21:19). Another approach popular in the medieval period also understands the woodchoppers and water-drawers as not regular Israelites but outsiders; however, it identifies them with the mixed multitude that left Egypt together with the Israelites during the exodus (Exod 12:38). land for sale in highgate, st mary jamaica . On his accession to kingship, King David's son Solomon met with all of the kingdom of Israel's leaders at Gibeon and offered one thousand burnt offerings (1 Kings 3:4, 2 Chronicles 1:6). They possess books of the Old Testament [which are written in the Ethiopian language]; a volume of extracts from the Pentateuch, with comments given to Moses by God on Mount Sinai [and] the laws of the Sabbath A copy of the Mosaic law is kept in the holy of holies in every synagogue Priests are allowed to marry once only, and no one is admitted into the order who has eaten bread with a Christian Fasts, obligatory on all above seven years of age, are held on every Monday and Thursday, on every new moon and at the passover The annual festivals are the passover, the harvest feast, the Feast of tabernacles the day of covenant or assembly, and Abrahams day The Falashas live for the most part in villages of their own, or, if settled in a Christian or Mohammedan town, occupy a separate quarter. Since these were specially singled out they obviously did not form a part of the congregation of Israel, while their services were exactly those which were peculiar to the nethinim or the Gibeonites. Whats the basis of the statement that the Gibeonites were dark-skinned? This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. This website uses Google Analytics to collect anonymous information such as the number of visitors to the site, and the most popular pages. 29 MBII tombs have been found, apparently containing multiple burials (as opposed to the single burials of the MBI tombs). And that is what they are to this day." (Joshua 9 v. 26-7) With so many burnt offerings being made each year, one suspects that a woodcutter in the Temple was never under employed! They had to secure some kind of positive, ongoing relationship. [10][11] Nehemiah further records that those returnees were the very descendants of the people who had formerly resided in the town before their banishment from the country, who had all returned to live in their former places of residence. What is democratic in simple words? [30] But, surely, it is written, His body shall not remain all night upon the tree! But Joshua, in fact, issued the decree against them, for it is written, And Joshua made them that day hewers of wood and drawers of water for the congregation, and for the altar of the Lord! '[18] He tried to pacify them but they would not be pacified. Under Joshua, the Gibeonites were made servants to the Levites, assisting them with work for the altar (Joshua 9:27). Their lives would be spared, and they would be slaves. I believe the color of their skin to be irrelevant but interesting. Furthermore, in 1 Chronicles 12:4 we learn that one of King David's mighty men was a Gibeonite. I don't think so. In the Bavli, he is called R. Isaac Nafcha (the blacksmith) or just R. Isaac with no patronymic. Without consulting God (Joshua 9:14), the Israelites entered into a covenant or peace treaty with the Gibeonites. It is my understanding, that Ham was white, but his wife, was black, thats how the black race entered the picture. Still, Joshua summons the Gibeonites to learn why they sought to deceive them. It is possible that Maimonides had a variant text here; it is also possible, since the entire passage was speaking about Karna as a famous judge before the story of Rav Huna as a judge, that Maimonides misattributed the Rav Huna story to Karna. [55][56] Pritchard suggested that somewhere in an area not touched by his four-year dig, remains of the Bronze Age "great city" from the Book of Joshua might still be found. [18] In his midrash compendium on the Bible called Yalkut Shimoni, R. Simeon of Frankfurt (13th century) offers a slightly truncated version of the midrash (940): This truncated version does not really solve the problem, though removing Joshua from the homily entirely obfuscates it somewhat. [9] Gibeon is mentioned in the Book of Nehemiah as one of the towns resettled by the Jewish exiles returning from the Babylonian captivity and who helped to construct the walls of Jerusalem during the reign of Artaxerxes I (Xerxes). In Joshua 9, the Gibeonites, a Canaanite group living in the heartland of the future region of Benjamin, pretend to be from outside the land in order to trick the Israelites into signing a peace treaty with them, since all Canaanites need to be killed according to the law of the , "proscription" (Deut 20:16-18). In retribution, they asked for seven of Saul's male descendants to be given to them to kill, seven signalling the sign of completion. This example does not appear in that discussion, but it fits with the theme. Joshua 9:22-23. The Compton Encyclopedia adds further details about the modern-day Gibeonites, even calling them, Jewish. We read, under Falasha: Falasha (or Beta Israel), a Jewish Hamitic people of Ethiopia use [a] Bible and a prayer book written in the ancient Ethiopian language; follow Jewish traditions including circumcision, observing the Sabbath, attending synagogue and following certain dietary and purity laws; in 1975 [they were] recognized by the chief Rabbinate as Jews, and [with Israeli military assistance,] allowed to [migrate to] Israel; in 1984-85 [during the Ethiopian civil war] thousands of Falashas resettled to Israel from refugee camps in Sudan as part of the Israeli governments Operation Moses and the US governments Operation Sheba. It was in this area that King David conquered the Philistines (2 Samuel 5:25 and 1 Chronicles 14:16). His anger at the Gibeonites[5] was not personal hatred, but was induced by zeal for the welfare of the Israelites. [2] Parker, Ugaritic Narrative Poetry, 20. Nevertheless, Andrew D. H. Mayes, Professor Emeritus of Hebrew at the University of Dublin, has argued that the verse in Deuteronomy is an attempt to reinterpret the story in Joshua 9, granting the Gibeonites a legitimate Israelite status. Gen 10:16 [20] See also R. Judah ibn Balaam (ca. So, they joint their military forces to war against Gods children. Tombs cut into the rock on the east site of the hill contained EB jars and bowls, formed first by hand and then finished on a slow wheel. 10001070, Spain): He does not explain how Moses could make this allusion, but he extends it to other converts as Rashi does. Rather, He wanted them expelled from the land (Exodus 23:28, 32-33). and wherewith should I make atonement, that ye may bless the inheritance of the Lord'? [28] This interpretation was also adopted by R. Jacob ben Asher (12691343) in his long commentary on the Torah.[29]. Their descendants are believed to be the people known today as Falashas, meaning migrants, for they are thought to have journeyed from Palestine to Ethiopia to run away when Israelites were expelled from Palestine. We are also advised by the San Diego Union Tribune, in an article of February 1, 2005, that by the end of 2007, Israel intends to bring to the Promised Land the last known 20,000 Ethiopians claiming to be Falashas with strong ties to Judaism, dating back more than 2000 years. See discussion in, Ishay Rosen-Zvi, In the Torah, Is The Ger Ever A Convert? TheTorah (2018). Jeremiah 28:1. Gibeon, with its pasture lands, became a Levitical city. Gibeon became a part of Judea. Lead Writers: Norbert Link and Bill Grams. Required fields are marked *. [6] Following Saul's death, fighting between the soldiers of Joab and those of Abner took place beside the Pool of Gibeon (2 Samuel 2:12). God had commanded the Israelites not to make a covenant with any of these people. A very different solution to the problem appears in the retelling of the midrash in the commentary of Rashi (R. Solomon Yitzhaki, 10401105), who suggests that it was not the Gibeonites themselves who approached Moses, but some other Canaanites: First, Rashi avoids the Tanumas confusing chronology by describing the people who come to Moses as Canaanites rather than Gibeonites. . And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water was poured upon them from heaven; and she suffered neither the birds of the air to rest on then by day, nor the beast of the field by night. PO Box 270519 9). [21] 'Benevolent', for it is written, That he may command his children and his household etc. After the exile of the Israelites to Babylon, Gibeon belonged to Judea. While this is a straightforward reading of the biblical verse itself, its departure from the previously established midrashic tradition also avoids potential damage to converts who might be reading or listening to such a reading.[23]. And that is still the work of the Gibeonites. are the gibeonites still woodcutters. (For more information on the identity of the modern houses of Israel and Judah, read our free booklet, The Fall and Rise of Britain and America.). [2], In retaliation for allying with the Israelites, the city was later besieged by a coalition of five other Amorite kings led by Adonizedek, king of Jerusalem, along with Hoham of Hebron, Piram of Jarmuth, Japhia of Lachish, and Debir of Eglon. Gen 10:17 They made old, worn out sacks and put old, moldy bread in them. 19. [8] Certainly, Israelite families that could afford owning slaves might put them to work at such menial tasks, but they do not seem exclusively the province of slaves, as the examples above suggest. For other perspectives on changing medieval Jewish attitudes toward conversion, cf. Although the Maharals discussion is lengthy and rather technical, it can be read either as an expression of concern about converts rights or as an extended effort to place Rashis Canaanite converts into a unique historical position of no relevance to contemporary conversion. And to make their lies convincing they showed Joshua their old sacks on their donkeys, old wineskins torn and mended, old and patched sandals on their feet, and old garments on themselves; and all the bread of their provision was dry and moldy (Joshua 9:4,5). Thank you for your insite. [48], The earliest known mention of Gibeon in an extra-biblical source is in a list of cities on the wall of the Amun temple at Karnak, celebrating the invasion of Israel by Egyptian Pharaoh Shoshenq I (945924 BCE). Remains of this 16 acres prehistoric city that was excavated after 6 expeditions headed by James B. Pritchard around 1956-1962 can be found at the south border of the modern Arab village named El-Jib. Where is the woodcutter's house? sims 4 baby with hidden crib liko; are the gibeonites still woodcutters. Your email address will not be published. And that is what they are to this day. Moses, surely, issued that decree, for it is written, from the hewer of thy wood to the drawer of thy water! The Gibeonites appealed to Joshua, who led the subsequent victory over the Amorites amid miraculous circumstances, including deadly hailstones and the suspension of the movement of the sun and moon, until the Amorites were completely defeated (Joshua 10:115).[3]. Im sure that applying this principle to us might become a bit uncomfortable but necessary. In the Book of Joshua, ancient Gibeon is described as "a large city, like one of the royal cities" located in the tribal territory of Benjamin (Joshua 18:25). To the east of the tell, a lavish cemetery of the same period was discovered. // Javascript URL redirection Are we becoming more like Jesus by the power of the Spirit? What was required was for blood to be shed by Sauls relatives.Saul had disgraced the memory of Gods mercy to the Gibeonites,,,,by shedding innocent blood.. We are all like Mephibosheth,,,,,we deserve death,we are under a curse,and yet we have been called to sit @ the Kings table because of His mercy. When Joshua later discovered the truth, he forced the Gibeonites to become water carriers and woodcutters for the Israelites. [43] In the 10 genealogical classes (yuhasin) set forth in the Mishnah, they are ranked above shetukim (people of whose paternity is unknown) and assufim (foundlings)[44] but beneath mamzerim, the offspring of illicit unions, and were prohibited from marrying Israellites of good standing,[43] though intermarriage between the last four classes, which included freed slaves,[45] was permitted. I was wondering the same thing. How Long In Prison? R. Huna replied: They[24] were made to pass before the Holy Ark. Home / Uncategorized / are the gibeonites still woodcutters. [52] Years of famine in Davids time as a result of King Saul killing the Gibeonites. Its is interesting that the kingdom of the falashas, before conquered by the abyssinians, was called Kingdom of the Gideonites. [40] Joshua made his decree for the period during which the Sanctuary was in existence[41] while David made his decree for the time during which the Sanctuary was not in existence. God ordered the Israelites to avoid making any covenants with the Gibeonites and to expel them from the land. In Rabbinic Judaism, the alleged descendants of the Gibeonites, known as Natinim, are treated differently from ordinary Jews. 20 This is what we will do to them: We will let them live, so that God's wrath will not fall on us for breaking the oath we swore to them." 21 They continued, "Let them live, but let them be woodcutters and water . [5] Richard Nelson, Deuteronomy, The Old Testament Library (Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2002), 341. Difficult to believed the statement that gibeonites were dark skinned, while the others canaanites like jeriko are brigh skinned. [28] R. Hiyya b. Abba replied in the name of R. Johanan: It is better that a letter be rooted out of the Torah than that the Divine name shall be publicly profaned. Later discovery of the Al Jib jar handles added weight to this identification. That is the background on the Gibeonites, and their relationship with Israel. And after that God heeded the prayer for the land (2 Samuel 21:14). The work of these lowly jobs was the penalty of the Gibeonites. [10] The syntax here is debated; the translation follows the reading in the King James Version and the LXX. But the term Amorite is often used in a broad sense, similar to Canaanite, to mean any of the inhabitants of Canaan (Genesis 15:16; Deuteronomy 1:27).
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