View abstract. Effects of L- and DL-carnitine on patients with impaired exercise tolerance. Klin.Wochenschr 12-15-1988;66(24):1202-1211. View abstract. 2011;17(7):H55-H59. Reprod.Biomed.Online. The effects of magnesium, L-carnitine, and concurrent magnesium-L-carnitine supplementation in migraine prophylaxis. 2008;(2):CD003917. Circulation 5-1-1996;93(9):1685-1689. Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Amantadine and L-carnitine treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Clin Ter. Yet, there are a few known side effects that include agitation, insomnia and nausea. Clin Neuropharmacol. Karanth, J. and Jeevaratnam, K. Effect of carnitine supplementation on mitochondrial enzymes in liver and skeletal muscle of rat after dietary lipid manipulation and physical activity. View abstract. (Pakistan) 2006;6(5):800-805. View abstract. J Inherit.Metab Dis 1-7-2008; View abstract. View abstract. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:1377-84. View abstract. Phase IIb multicentred randomised trial of besifovir (LB80380) versus entecavir in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B. Sandor, A., Pecsuvac, K., Kerner, J., and Alkonyi, I. View abstract. J Am Coll Nutr. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Heinonen OJ. View abstract. On carnitine content of the human breast milk. "Product Information. 1983;38(4):523-531. Pola P, Tondi P, Dal Lago A, and et al. L-Carnosine (-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. Can L-carnitine supplementation and exercise improve muscle complications in patients with liver cirrhosis who receive branched-chain amino acid supplementation? Footitt, E. J., Stafford, J., Dixon, M., Burch, M., Jakobs, C., Salomons, G. S., and Cleary, M. A. View abstract. 2007;20(1):63-65. View abstract. Fagher, B., Thysell, H., Nilsson-Ehle, P., Monti, M., Olsson, L., Eriksson, M., Lindstedt, S., and Lindholm, T. The effect of D,L-carnitine supplementation on muscle metabolism, neuropathy, cardiac and hepatic function in hemodialysis patients. L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with cancer: an eastern cooperative oncology group phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Effect of combined treatment with alpha-Lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine on vascular function and blood pressure in patients with coronary artery disease. View abstract. Reprod Nutr Develop 1988;28:1317-27. B., Das, A. M., DeKlerk, J. View abstract. View abstract. Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., Salvadeo, S. A., Ferrari, I., Gravina, A., Mereu, R., D'Angelo, A., Palumbo, I., Randazzo, S., and Cicero, A. F. Sibutramine and L-carnitine compared to sibutramine alone on insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Haghighatdoost F, Jabbari M, Hariri M. The effect of L-carnitine on inflammatory mediators: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. View abstract. Lacour B, Di Giulio S, Chanard J, Ciancioni C, Haguet M, Lebkiri B, Basile C, Drueke T, Assan R, Funck-Brentano JL "Carnitine improves lipid anomalies in haemodialysis patients." Biol.Neonate 1987;51(4):185-193. View abstract. Signorelli, S. S., Fatuzzo, P., Rapisarda, F., Neri, S., Ferrante, M., Oliveri, Conti G., Fallico, R., Di, Pino L., Pennisi, G., Celotta, G., and Anzaldi, M. Propionyl-L-carnitine therapy: effects on endothelin-1 and homocysteine levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease and end-stage renal disease. Int J Sports Med 1994;15(4):181-185. 39. 1986;24(9):511-516. View abstract. Sabry, A. In one study, 2 grams of L-carnitine reduced fatigue and increased muscle function in older adults. 2010;93(6):1907-1910. View abstract. Carnitine is a micronutrient derived from amino acids and is found in almost all the cells of your body. Nausea and Vomiting The Linus Pauling Institute notes that common side effects of taking L-carnitine supplements are nausea and vomiting 1. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. View abstract. Cipolli, C. and Chiari, G. [Effects of L-acetylcarnitine on mental deterioration in the aged: initial results]. Weschler, A., Aviram, M., Levin, M., Better, O. S., and Brook, J. G. High dose of L-carnitine increases platelet aggregation and plasma triglyceride levels in uremic patients on hemodialysis. [Effect of L-carnitine on post-stress metabolism in surgical patients]. View abstract. 2010;9(3):265-268. View abstract. A., Kraemer, W. J., Hatfield, D. L., Vingren, J. L., Fragala, M. S., Ho, J. Y., Thomas, G. A., Hakkinen, K., and Volek, J. S. Effects of L-carnitine L-tartrate supplementation on muscle oxygenation responses to resistance exercise. View abstract. Patients with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency have impaired oxidation of fat during exercise but no effect of L-carnitine supplementation. View abstract. Nihon Rinsho 2007;65(6):1005-1010. Block, K. I., Koch, A. C., Mead, M. N., Tothy, P. K., Newman, R. A., and Gyllenhaal, C. Impact of antioxidant supplementation on chemotherapeutic toxicity: a systematic review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Italian Study Group on Carnitine and Male Infertility. Lee, M. S., Lee, H. J., Lee, H. S., and Kim, Y. L-carnitine stimulates lipolysis via induction of the lipolytic gene expression and suppression of the adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. View abstract. View abstract. Current Therapeutic Research 1989;46(6):1027-1033. Written by Cerner Multum. View abstract. Eggs are so nutritious that they're often referred to as "nature's multivitamin." J Androl 2004;25(5):761-770. View abstract. (Tokyo) 2001;47(6):378-384. Bazzato, G., Mezzina, C., Ciman, M., and Guarnieri, G. Myasthenia-like syndrome associated with carnitine in patients on long- term haemodialysis. Z., Wang, L. X., Liu, H. Z., Qi, X. W., Wang, X. H., and Ren, H. Z. L-carnitine as an adjunct therapy to percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Human studies indicate that taking acetyl-L-carnitine daily helps reverse the decline in brain function associated with Alzheimers and other brain diseases (32, 33, 34). Bruno A, Pandolfo G, Crucitti M, Lorusso S, Zoccali RA, Muscatello MR. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Augmentation of Clozapine in Partial-Responder Schizophrenia: A 12-Week, Open-Label Uncontrolled Preliminary Study. Circulation 1988;77:767-73. Kletzmayr J, Mayer G, Legenstein E, et al. Bachmann HU, Hoffmann A. Interaction of food supplement L-carnitine with oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol. Clinical and biochemical effects. 2008;21(11):1231-1237. L-carnitines benefits may be indirect and take weeks or months to appear. Hiatt, W. R., Creager, M. A., Amato, A., and Brass, E. P. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine on a background of monitored exercise in patients with claudication secondary to peripheral artery disease. View abstract. Acetyl-L-carnitine as a therapeutic agent for mental deterioration in geriatric patients (Double-blind placebo controlled study). Pastoris, O., Dossena, M., Foppa, P., Catapano, M., Arbustini, E., Bellini, O., Dal Bello, B., Minzioni, G., Ceriana, P., and Barzaghi, N. Effect of L-carnitine on myocardial metabolism: results of a balanced, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Dig.Dis Sci 2008;53(11):3018-3025. View abstract. View abstract. As a supplement, acetyl-L-carnitine is usually considered safe when taken as directed. Ellaway CM, Williams K, Leonard H, et al. View abstract. Med.Sci Monit. (20,39) View abstract. View abstract. Because carnosine can lower blood pressure, individuals with already low blood pressure should exercise extra caution when taking it . De Marchi, S., Zecchetto, S., Rigoni, A., Prior, M., Fondrieschi, L., Scuro, A., Rulfo, F., and Arosio, E. Propionyl-L-carnitine improves endothelial function, microcirculation and pain management in critical limb ischemia. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011265.pub2. "L-carnitine and platelet aggregation in uremic patients subjected to hemodialysis." Version: 1.03. Valcour, V., Yeh, T. M., Bartt, R., Clifford, D., Gerschenson, M., Evans, S. R., Cohen, B. Neurochem.Res. Loffredo, L., Pignatelli, P., Cangemi, R., Andreozzi, P., Panico, M. A., Meloni, V., and Violi, F. Imbalance between nitric oxide generation and oxidative stress in patients with peripheral arterial disease: effect of an antioxidant treatment. 2001;37(5):1018-1028. Leuk Lymphoma. Dimitriadis, F., Tsambalas, S., Tsounapi, P., Kawamura, H., Vlachopoulou, E., Haliasos, N., Gratsias, S., Watanabe, T., Saito, M., Miyagawa, I., and Sofikitis, N. Effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on Leydig cell secretory function in oligoasthenospermic infertile men: a randomized trial. [Values of tandem mass spectrometry in etiologic diagnosis of cerebral developmental retardation]. View abstract. Benedini, S., Perseghin, G., Terruzzi, I., Scifo, P., Invernizzi, P. L., Del, Maschio A., Lazzarin, A., and Luzi, L. Effect of L-acetylcarnitine on body composition in HIV-related lipodystrophy. Heil, S. G., Hogeveen, M., Kluijtmans, L. A., van Dijken, P. J., van de Berg, G. B., Blom, H. J., and Morava, E. Marfanoid features in a child with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (CblC type). Am J Kidney Dis 1995;26(5):757-764. Biomed Res Int 2021;2021:9491615. Fertil.Steril. Pacheco, A., Torres, R., Sanhueza, M. E., Elgueta, L., Segovia, E., and Cano, M. [Study of aerobic capacity in chronic hemodialized patients: effect of L-carnitine supplementation]. Ricci, A., Caiati, C., Galantino, A., Scrutinio, D., Valentini, G., Chiddo, A., and Rizzon, P. [Acute effects of propionyl-L-carnitine on anomalies of parietal kinetics of the left ventricle induced by atrial pacing in patients with ischemic heart disease. 12-20-2008;23(6):571-585. Eur.Urol. Corsi, C., Pollastri, M., Marrapodi, E., Leanza, D., Giordano, S., and D'Iddio, S. L-propionylcarnitine effect on postexercise and postischemic hyperemia in patients affected by peripheral vascular disease. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. A., Kraemer, W. J., Vingren, J. L., Hatfield, D. L., Fragala, M. S., Ho, J. Y., Maresh, C. M., Anderson, J. M., and Volek, J. S. Responses of criterion variables to different supplemental doses of L-carnitine L-tartrate. Clin Nephrol. Some side effects may not be reported. Carnitine deficiency disorders in children. 2013 Nov;30(8):742-7. insomnia numbness in feet or hands Call your doctor if any of these symptoms persist, or if they get worse. Prog.Neuropsychopharmacol.Biol.Psychiatry 6-1-2011;35(4):953-958. Clin Auton.Res 2000;10(1):13-16. Pediatr Cardiol 2005;26(5):574-577. View abstract. View abstract. Hollyer T, Boon H, Georgousis A, et al. A., Yamamah, G. A. E., El-Baky, A. M. N. E. A., El-Kassas, G. M., and Elhalim, A. 2013;38(1):31-41. Effect of lysine, vitamin B(6), and carnitine supplementation on the lipid profile of male patients with hypertriglyceridemia: a 12-week, open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. First, take your CoQ10 with a meal. Study carried out in septic patients of an intensive care unit. Efficacy of L-carnitine and propranolol in the management of acute theophylline toxicity. Int.J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2011;21(5):385-397. Malaguarnera, M., Pistone, G., Astuto, M., Vecchio, I., Raffaele, R., Lo, Giudice E., and Rampello, L. Effects of L-acetylcarnitine on cirrhotic patients with hepatic coma: randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Heart J 1996;17:414-20. It seems l carnitine is a relatively safe nutrient in doses ranging from 50 to 500 mg. Higher doses may lead to excess energy, restlessness, perhaps insomnia. View abstract. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1618-24. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020. Ferrari R, Cucchini F, Dilisa F, and et al. Am.J Kidney Dis 2008;52(5):962-971. Schmidt-Sommerfeld E, Penn D. Carnitine and total parenteral nutrition of the neonate. Eur.Neuropsychopharmacol. View abstract. A single-center prospective pilot study. View abstract. Here are 10 nootropic supplements proven to have brain-boosting benefits. Ren Fail. View abstract. van Dalen, E. C., Caron, H. N., Dickinson, H. O., and Kremer, L. C. Cardioprotective interventions for cancer patients receiving anthracyclines. Naito J, Ohashi H, Ohno M, et al. J Clin Rheumatol. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33(7):1489-1492. Common causes of insomnia include stress, an irregular sleep schedule, poor sleeping habits, mental health disorders like anxiety and depression, physical illnesses and pain, medications . View abstract. Tarighat, Esfanjani A., Mahdavi, R., Ebrahimi, Mameghani M., Talebi, M., Nikniaz, Z., and Safaiyan, A. J Clin Oncol. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. View abstract. Brain Dev. J Urol. Neurological: headaches, dizziness. Rossle, C., Pichard, C., Roulet, M., Chiolero, R., Schutz, Y., Temler, E., Schindler, C., Zurlo, F., Jequier, E., and Furst, P. [Effect of L-carnitine supplemented total parenteral nutrition on postoperative lipid and nitrogen utilization]. 1992;14(4):183-194. Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine, L-arginine and nicotinic acid on the efficacy of vardenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in diabetes. Wu, Z. M., Lu, X., Wang, Y. W., Sun, J., Tao, J. W., Yin, F. H., and Cheng, H. J. Yarizadh H, Shab-Bidar S, Zamani B, Vanani AN, Baharlooi H, Djafarian K. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Analysis of the full dataset has . A., Servan-Schreiber, D., Panchalingam, K., and McClure, R. J. Rai G, Wright G, Scott L, et al. El Beshlawy, A., Mohtar, G., Abd El, Ghafar E., Abd El Dayem, S. M., El Sayed, M. H., Aly, A. View abstract. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 1990;14(5):448-453. L-Carnitine may cause serious side effects. View abstract. View abstract. Rondanelli M, Opizzi A, Perna S, Faliva M, Solerte SB, Fioravanti M, Klersy C, Edda C, Maddalena P, Luciano S, Paola C, Emanuela C, Claudia S, Donini LM. 2007;44(2):83-90. Colombani P, Wenk C, Kunz I, et al. View abstract. Carnitine and physical exercise. Am.J Med.Genet.A 4-1-2008;146(7):803-812. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. European multicenter study on propionyl-L-carnitine in intermittent claudication. Therapeutic evaluation of L-carnitine in Egyptian children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Casciani CU, Caruso U, Cravotto E, and et al. View abstract. Brass EP. Karalis DT, Karalis T, Karalis S, Kleisiari AS. Biagiotti G, Cavallini G. Acetyl-L-carnitine vs tamoxifen in the oral therapy of Peyronie's disease: a preliminary report. There have been a few studies on acetyl-L-carnitine's use as a treatment. View abstract. Acta Med Scand 1982;212(3):115-120. Four weeks of taking supplements did not increase fat burning (28). Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol. 2010;54(1):37-44. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. View abstract. Maillart, E., Acquaviva-Bourdain, C., Rigal, O., Brivet, M., Jardel, C., Lombes, A., Eymard, B., Vianey-Saban, C., and Laforet, P. [Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD): a curable cause of genetic muscular lipidosis]. La, Vignera S., Condorelli, R., Vicari, E., D'Agata, R., and Calogero, A. E. Endothelial antioxidant compound prolonged the endothelial antiapoptotic effects registered after tadalafil treatment in patients with arterial erectile dysfunction. View abstract. L-carnitine may aid weight loss. Muscle carnitine deficiency associated with zidovudine-induced mitochondrial myopathy. Vaux, E. C., Taylor, D. J., Altmann, P., Rajagopalan, B., Graham, K., Cooper, R., Bonomo, Y., and Styles, P. Effects of carnitine supplementation on muscle metabolism by the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy in end-stage renal disease. Hsieh, C. T., Hwu, W. L., Huang, Y. T., Huang, A. C., Wang, S. F., Hu, M. H., and Chien, Y. H. Early detection of glutaric aciduria type I by newborn screening in Taiwan. Select a condition to view a list of vitamins. Zelnik N, Fridkis I, Gruener N. Reduced carnitine and antiepileptic drugs: cause relationship or co-existence? Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur while taking levocarnitine: Some side effects of levocarnitine may occur that usually do not need medical attention. Cureus. View abstract. Lenzi, A., Lombardo, F., Sgro, P., Salacone, P., Caponecchia, L., Dondero, F., and Gandini, L. Use of carnitine therapy in selected cases of male factor infertility: a double-blind crossover trial. Krahenbuhl S. Carnitine metabolism in chronic liver disease. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Jun 6, 2022. Bartels GL, Remme WJ, den Hartog FR, et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1738-44. Saneian H, Khalilian L, Heidari-Beni M, et al. Gramignano, G., Lusso, M. R., Madeddu, C., Massa, E., Serpe, R., Deiana, L., Lamonica, G., Dessi, M., Spiga, C., Astara, G., Maccio, A., and Mantovani, G. Efficacy of l-carnitine administration on fatigue, nutritional status, oxidative stress, and related quality of life in 12 advanced cancer patients undergoing anticancer therapy. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. L-Carnitine supplementation in older women. View abstract. Zhonghua Nei Ke.Za Zhi. Lee, N. C., Tang, N. L., Chien, Y. H., Chen, C. A., Lin, S. J., Chiu, P. C., Huang, A. C., and Hwu, W. L. Diagnoses of newborns and mothers with carnitine uptake defects through newborn screening. There are few negative side effects from this supplement at reasonable doses. Jirillo, E., Altamura, M., Munno, I., Pellegrino, N. M., Sabato, R., Di Fabio, S., and De Simone, C. Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine oral administration on lymphocyte antibacterial activity and TNF-alpha levels in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 1999;13:205-9. Musso, G., Gambino, R., Cassader, M., and Pagano, G. A meta-analysis of randomized trials for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In cells, it helps transport fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they can be burned for energy. G Ital Cardiol 1983;13(11):291-294. View abstract. Some studies demonstrate a potential for reducing blood pressure and the inflammatory process associated with heart disease (23, 39). Biogerontology. Obstet.Gynecol. View abstract. 2014 Jul 21;14:88. View abstract. In a 90-day study, people with alcohol addictions who took 2 grams of acetyl-L-carnitine per day experienced significant improvements in all measures of brain function (38). Spiekerkoetter, U., Bastin, J., Gillingham, M., Morris, A., Wijburg, F., and Wilcken, B. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019;35(8):701-5. doi: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1576622. Siriraj Med.J. View abstract. Eur.Urol. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1992;12(3):149-157. Eur Heart J 1989;10(6):502-508. View abstract. 2008;54(6):375-381. Xie, H., Tang, S. Y., Li, H., Luo, X. H., Yuan, L. Q., Wang, D., and Liao, E. Y. L-carnitine protects against apoptosis of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Scand.J Clin Lab Invest 1985;45(2):179-184. This was not something I was expecting. Jing, L., Li, W. M., Zhou, L. J., and Song, J. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2014;180:148-52. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1992;18:355-65. B., Burlina, A. P., Dixon, M., Duran, M., Goodman, S. I., Koeller, D. M., Muller, E., Naughten, E. R., Neumaier-Probst, E., Okun, J. G., Kyllerman, M., Surtees, R. A., Wilcken, B., Hoffmann, G. F., and Burgard, P. Guideline for the diagnosis and management of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (glutaric aciduria type I). Case report]. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. Arch Neurol 1992;49:1137-41. Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. A., Gupta, A., Vajifdar, B. U., and Lokhandwala, Y. Y. L-carnitine moderately improves the exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina. Vidal-Casariego A, Burgos-Pelez R, Martnez-Faedo C, Calvo-Gracia F, Valero-Zanuy M, Luengo-Prez LM, Cuerda-Comps C. Metabolic effects of L-carnitine on type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2000;10(2):199-207. Intern.Med 2010;49(16):1717-1725. Measure liquid medicine with the dosing syringe provided, or with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. View abstract. Bonavita E, Bertuzzi D, Bonavita J, and et al. 2019;14(6):504-514. The equivalent dosage range for other forms of L-carnitine are as follows: 630-2,500mg (ALCAR), 1,000-4,000mg . In an eight-week study in 38 women who exercised four times per week, there was no difference in weight loss between those who took L-carnitine and those who didnt (24). Eur.J Cancer 7-19-2005; View abstract. Carnosine is found throughout your body. Dal Negro, R., Turco, P., Pomari, C., and De Conti, F. Effects of L-carnitine on physical performance in chronic respiratory insufficiency. Biomed Rep 2020;13(6):65. A., and Loprinzi, C. L. A critical review of complementary therapies for cancer-related fatigue. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1988;8(5):367-376. 150mg ala, and 500mg carnitine. Oncologist. Am J Dis Child 1991;145:999-1001. [RETRACTED]. It can have serious effects, leading to excessive daytime sleepiness, a higher risk of auto accidents, and widespread health effects from sleep deprivation. View abstract. 2011;17(6):I15-I23. "The first study found that people who ate a lot of red meat had a certain type of bacteria in their system that broke the compound down into TMAO and raised their risk for heart disease," he explained. A. View abstract. Effects of acute L-carnitine intake on metabolic and blood lactate levels of elite badminton players. View abstract. A., Thelen, J. J Clin Lipidology 2012;6:150-158. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on physical performance and energy metabolism of endurance-trained athletes: a double-blind crossover field study. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Elmslie, J. L., Porter, R. J., Joyce, P. R., Hunt, P. J., and Mann, J. I. Carnitine does not improve weight loss outcomes in valproate-treated bipolar patients consuming an energy-restricted, low-fat diet. Wang, S. B., Weng, W. C., Lee, N. C., Hwu, W. L., Fan, P. C., and Lee, W. T. Mutation of mitochondrial DNA G13513A presenting with Leigh syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and cardiomyopathy. List of All Orphan Products Designations and Approvals. View abstract. Prog Retin Eye Res. Clin Eur 1983;22:405-415. Soczynska, J. K., Kennedy, S. H., Chow, C. S., Woldeyohannes, H. O., Konarski, J. Propionyl-L-carnitine is safe for most people when taken by mouth or given intravenously by a healthcare professional. Waldner, R., Laschan, C., Lohninger, A., Gessner, M., Tuchler, H., Huemer, M., Spiegel, W., and Karlic, H. Effects of doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy and a combination with L-carnitine on oxidative metabolism in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Metabolic rates vary by individual. View abstract. Propionyl-L-carnitine is safe for most people when taken by mouth or given intravenously by a healthcare professional. Minerva Cardioangiol. Scand.J Gastroenterol. L-Carnitine is used to treat carnitine deficiency. Another human study monitored L-carnitines effect on fat burning during a 90-minute stationary bicycle workout. A., and Barrington, K. J. Demeyere, R., Lormans, P., Weidler, B., Minten, J., Van Aken, H., and Flameng, W. Cardioprotective effects of carnitine in extensive aortocoronary bypass grafting: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Malaguarnera, M., Pistone, G., Elvira, R., Leotta, C., Scarpello, L., and Liborio, R. Effects of L-carnitine in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
