(c) During the term of a lease or during a renewal or extension, the landlord has a duty to inspect and repair a smoke alarm, but only if the tenant gives the landlord notice of a malfunction or requests to the landlord that the smoke alarm be inspected or repaired. Sec. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. (13) "Sliding door pin lock" means a lock on a sliding glass door that consists of a pin or nail inserted from the interior side of the door at the side opposite the door's handle and that is designed to prevent the door from being opened or lifted. 3167), Sec. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. Sec. (2) the date on which all of the conditions in Subsection (a) have been met. 921 (H.B. (b-1) A tenant may obtain relief under Subsection (b) if the tenant provides the landlord or the landlord's agent: (1) a copy of one or more of the following orders protecting the tenant or an occupant from family violence: (A) a temporary injunction issued under Subchapter F, Chapter 6, Family Code; (B) a temporary ex parte order issued under Chapter 83, Family Code; (C) a protective order issued under Chapter 85, Family Code; or, (D) an order of emergency protection under Article 17.292, Code of Criminal Procedure; or. (C) refund the tenant's security deposit, less lawful deductions, to the person designated under Subdivision (1). Sept. 1, 1995. (B) the National Weather Service issues a heat advisory for a county in which the premises is located or has issued such an advisory on one of the two preceding days. Check your specific lease agreement or renewal for your amount. (3) included in an attachment to the lease agreement that is signed by the tenant, but only if the attachment is expressly referred to in the lease agreement. (4) affect a local ordinance that requires regular inspections by local officials of smoke alarms in dwelling units and that requires smoke alarms to be operational at the time of inspection. Sec. handbook can be located in sections 24, 54, 91 and 92 of the Texas Property Code, which is available in your local law library and online at www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us. However, if the tenant's rent is subsidized in whole or in part by a governmental agency, the deduction limitation of one month's rent shall mean the fair market rent for the dwelling and not the rent that the tenant pays. 918, Sec. (e) This section relates only to a fee, charge, or other sum of money required to be paid under the lease if rent is not paid as provided by Subsection (a)(3), and does not affect the landlord's right to terminate the lease or take other action permitted by the lease or other law. 576, Sec. The same if you're forced to move out because of lease violations. The copy of the rules or policies must be: (2) included in a lease agreement signed by the tenant; or. A tenant of a landlord who is liable under Section 92.259 may obtain or exercise one or more of the following remedies: (1) a court order directing the landlord to comply with the tenant's request if the tenant is in possession of the dwelling unit; (2) a judgment against the landlord for damages suffered by the tenant because of the landlord's violation; (3) a judgment against the landlord for a civil penalty of one month's rent plus $100 if the landlord violates Section 92.259(a)(2); (4) a judgment against the landlord for court costs; (5) a judgment against the landlord for attorney's fees in an action under Subdivision (1) or (3); and. CONDITIONS FOR RETENTION OF SECURITY DEPOSIT OR RENT PREPAYMENT. 1, eff. Aug. 26, 1985. Sept. 1, 1993. 3) You must continue paying rent each month on the first, until a replacement tenant is found and starts paying rent for you. 257 (H.B. (b) A governmental body whose official or employee has requested information from a landlord who is liable under Section 92.202 or 92.204 may obtain or exercise one or more of the following remedies: (2) a judgment against the landlord for an amount equal to the governmental body's actual costs in discovering the information required to be disclosed by this subchapter; (3) a judgment against the landlord for $500; and. 576, Sec. Written Notice: The clause will specify how much written notice the tenant must give the landlord to end a lease early. A landlord and tenant may agree to the provisions of this subsection only if the agreement meets the requirements of Subdivision (4) of Subsection (e) of this section. Except as otherwise provided by this chapter, in this chapter: (1) "Dwelling" means one or more rooms rented for use as a permanent residence under a single lease to one or more tenants. Sec. HEIGHT, STRIKE PLATE, AND THROW REQUIREMENTS--KEYED DEAD BOLT OR KEYLESS BOLTING DEVICE. TENANT REMEDIES FOR OTHER LANDLORD VIOLATIONS. a new child or a job transfer) that requires you to find new housing. 305, Sec. (i) The tenant shall not have authority to contract for labor or materials in excess of what the tenant may deduct under this section. (l) The fee for filing a sworn complaint for reentry is the same as that for filing a civil action in justice court. (4) a temporary residential tenancy created by a contract for sale in which the buyer occupies the property before closing or the seller occupies the property after closing for a specific term not to exceed 90 days. January 1, 2016. (c) The landlord has the burden of pleading and proving, by clear and convincing evidence, that the landlord gave the tenant the required notice of the illegality and the penalties and that the tenant's violation was done in bad faith. (h) A tenant may not waive a tenant's right to terminate a lease before the end of the lease term, vacate the dwelling, and avoid liability under this chapter. Sec. (B) The landlord has expressly or impliedly agreed in the lease to furnish potable water to the tenant's dwelling and the water service to the dwelling has totally ceased. January 1, 2014. Sec. However, most A reconnection fee may not be applied unless agreed to by the tenant in a written lease that states the exact dollar amount of the reconnection fee. Sept. 1, 1993. 882), Sec. DEFINITIONS. 917 (H.B. 2, eff. (c) If the tenant is a victim or a parent or guardian of a victim of sexual assault under Section 22.011, Penal Code, aggravated sexual assault under Section 22.021, Penal Code, indecency with a child under Section 21.11, Penal Code, sexual performance by a child under Section 43.25, Penal Code, continuous sexual abuse of young child or disabled individual under Section 21.02, Penal Code, or an attempt to commit any of the foregoing offenses under Section 15.01, Penal Code, that takes place during the preceding six-month period on the premises or at any dwelling on the premises, the tenant shall provide to the landlord or the landlord's agent a copy of: (1) documentation of the assault or abuse, or attempted assault or abuse, of the victim from a licensed health care services provider who examined the victim; (2) documentation of the assault or abuse, or attempted assault or abuse, of the victim from a licensed mental health services provider who examined or evaluated the victim; (3) documentation of the assault or abuse, or attempted assault or abuse, of the victim from an individual authorized under Chapter 420, Government Code, who provided services to the victim; or. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. (d) A fee in lieu of a security deposit must be: (1) a recurring fee of equivalent amount; and. 869, Sec. 3101), Sec. (b) If the tenant's lease is in writing, the lease may require the tenant's initial request for information to be written. LANDLORD 'S FAILURE TO CORRECT INFORMATION. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 882), Sec. (a) If the tenant withholds rents, causes repairs to be performed, or makes rent deductions for repairs in violation of this subchapter, the landlord may recover actual damages from the tenant. 1, eff. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 869, Sec. September 1, 2011. 3, eff. 4, eff. 1072 (H.B. 18 (S.B. 10, eff. Sec. The bar or tube must be capable of being secured to both of the screw hooks and must be permanently attached in some way to the door frame stud or wall stud. 1072 (H.B. 869, Sec. Jan. 1, 1984. APPLICATION. Sec. 92.021. 4, eff. 92.020. To rebut that presumption, the date on which the landlord received the tenant's notice, the severity and nature of the condition, and the reasonable availability of materials and labor and of utilities from a utility company must be considered. 650, Sec. Reletting fees are allowed under Texas state law, but they can't be so high they would be considered excessive by a judge. 5, eff. 92.026. 92.331. 9, eff. (d) This section does not release a guarantor from the obligations of the guarantor under the terms of the original lease or a valid renewal for costs and damages owed to the lessor that arise after the date specified by the guarantor in the original lease in accordance with Subsection (b), if the costs or damages relate to actions of the tenant before that date or arise as a result of the tenant refusing to vacate the leased premises. (f) The closing of a rental unit does not prohibit the occupancy of other apartments, nor does this subchapter prohibit occupancy of or utility service by master or individual meter to other rental units in an apartment complex that have not been closed under this section. A management company, managing agent, or on-site manager may reimburse itself for the costs from the owner's funds in its possession or control. 31.01(71), eff. 1, eff. 1, 3, eff. 1, eff. 31.01(71), eff. Jan. 1, 1996. Jan. 1, 1996. Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3639, ch. The term "keyless bolting device" does not include a chain latch, flip latch, surface-mounted slide bolt, mortise door bolt, surface-mounted barrel bolt, surface-mounted swing bar door guard, spring-loaded nightlatch, foot bolt, or other lock or latch; or. January 1, 2008. 1, eff. 1367), Sec. (c) A smoke alarm may be located other than as required by Subsection (a) or (b) if a local ordinance or a local or state fire marshal approves. Sec. 48, Sec. SMOKE ALARM. (b) A tenant who violates this section is presumed to have acted in bad faith. September 1, 2019. LIABILITY OF LANDLORD. NOTICE REGARDING VEHICLE TOWING OR PARKING RULES OR POLICIES. (2) a sliding door handle latch or sliding door security bar if the door is an exterior sliding glass door without a sliding door handle latch or sliding door security bar. (2) for a dwelling unit that is a one-family or two-family dwelling unit, installs smoke detectors in compliance with Chapter 766, Health and Safety Code. (d) The writ of restoration of utility service must be served on either the landlord or the landlord's management company, on-premises manager, or rent collector in the same manner as a writ of possession in a forcible detainer suit. Section 92.104 of the Texas Property Code This section requires a landlord who is withholding a portion of a security deposit to provide an itemized and written list of the deductions to the tenant. (6) the tenant was not delinquent in the payment of rent at the time any notice required by this subsection was given. 92.017. Jan. 1, 1996. 16, eff. (b) If the tenant gives notice under Subsection (a)(2) and the tenant's lease is in writing, the lease may require the tenant to make the initial request for installation, inspection, or repair of a smoke alarm in writing. 92.052. Jan. 1, 1984. 1, eff. Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. Jan. 1, 1984. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. (3) not later than the third day after the date of receipt of the tenant's request, provided the tenant with a written notice: (A) stating that the management company or managing agent has taken the actions in Subdivisions (1) and (2); (B) stating that the owner has not provided or will not provide the necessary funds; and. 92.259. 1, eff. 1, eff. 1198 (S.B. 2404), Sec. (a) A landlord may not remove a door, window, or attic hatchway cover or a lock, latch, hinge, hinge pin, doorknob, or other mechanism connected to a door, window, or attic hatchway cover from premises leased to a tenant or remove furniture, fixtures, or appliances furnished by the landlord from premises leased to a tenant unless the landlord removes the item for a bona fide repair or replacement. 3101), Sec. Sept. 1, 2003. Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. Senate Bill 1588 modifies Section 209.0064 of the Texas Property Code, which requires written notice of a delinquent account be sent to property owners by a property owners association that administers a subdivision development before the property owner can be made liable for the fees of a collection agent. 92.151. 1168), Sec. (b) Except as provided in Subsection (c), a landlord of a tenant who is liable under Subsection (a) may obtain a judgment against the tenant for damages suffered by the landlord because the tenant removed a battery from a smoke alarm without immediately replacing it with a working battery or knowingly disconnected or intentionally damaged the smoke alarm, causing it to malfunction. 3101), Sec. Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. This subchapter applies to all residential leases. 869, Sec. (a) In a lawsuit by a tenant under either a written or oral lease for a dwelling or in a suit to enforce a legal obligation of the owner as landlord of the dwelling, the owner's agent for service of process is determined according to this section. Sec. (e) A landlord who violates Subsection (b) or (d) is liable to the tenant for an amount equal to the total of one month's rent plus $100 and attorney's fees. 92.024. (a) Except as provided by Subsections (b), (e), (f), (g), and (h) and without necessity of request by the tenant, a dwelling must be equipped with: (1) a window latch on each exterior window of the dwelling; (2) a doorknob lock or keyed dead bolt on each exterior door; (3) a sliding door pin lock on each exterior sliding glass door of the dwelling; (4) a sliding door handle latch or a sliding door security bar on each exterior sliding glass door of the dwelling; and. Unfortunately, many tenants are unaware of this law and do not receive a proper refund of their deposit. (b) A tenant may terminate the tenant's rights and obligations under a lease and may vacate the dwelling and avoid liability for future rent and any other sums due under the lease for terminating the lease and vacating the dwelling before the end of the lease term after the tenant complies with Subsection (c) or (c-1). (f) A tenant who elects to terminate the lease under Subsection (e) is: (1) entitled to a pro rata refund of rent from the date of termination or the date the tenant moves out, whichever is later; (2) entitled to deduct the tenant's security deposit from the tenant's rent without necessity of lawsuit or obtain a refund of the tenant's security deposit according to law; and. (3) not entitled to the other repair and deduct remedies under Section 92.0561 or the judicial remedies under Subdivisions (1) and (2) of Subsection (a) of Section 92.0563. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 650, Sec. Sept. 1, 1997. 12, eff. Sec. (a) A cause of action does not accrue against a landlord or a landlord's manager or agent solely for leasing a dwelling to a tenant convicted of, or arrested or placed on deferred adjudication for, an offense. (c) In addition to other remedies provided by law, if a landlord violates this section, a tenant is entitled to recover from or against the landlord: (1) a civil penalty in an amount equal to one month's rent; (2) actual damages suffered by the tenant as a result of the landlord's violation of this section; (5) reasonable attorney's fees incurred by the tenant in seeking enforcement of this section. Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 9, eff. The tenant has resided in the property for three years with fixed term agreements re-negotiated every six months. (d) A landlord may rebut the presumption provided by Subsection (a) or (b) if despite the diligence of the landlord: (1) the landlord did not know of the tenant's request, without the fault of the landlord; (2) materials, labor, or utilities were unavailable; or. 48, Sec. 92.355. 4, eff. texas property code reletting fee. 91.002 by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. LANDLORD'S DUTY TO REPAIR OR REPLACE SECURITY DEVICE. (b) A landlord may allow an occupancy rate of more than three adult tenants per bedroom: (1) to the extent that the landlord is required by a state or federal fair housing law to allow a higher occupancy rate; or. Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. Sept. 1, 1993. Sec. 18, eff. (2) entered into a deferred payment plan that complies with Subsection (l). (2) the late fee is more than the applicable amount under Subdivision (1), but not more than uncertain damages to the landlord related to the late payment of rent, including direct or indirect expenses, direct or indirect costs, or overhead associated with the collection of late payment. Sec. (7) "Landlord" means a dwelling owner, lessor, sublessor, management company, or managing agent, including an on-site manager. (g) A provision of a lease that purports to waive a right or to exempt a party from a liability or duty under this section is void. The request must be a separate document and may not be included as part of a lease agreement. Sec. (i) If the landlord or the person on whom a writ of reentry is served fails to immediately comply with the writ or later disobeys the writ, the failure is grounds for contempt of court against the landlord or the person on whom the writ was served, under Section 21.002, Government Code. You'll be liable for a reletting charge of $675.75 (not to exceed 85% of the highest monthly rent during the Lease term) if you: (A) fail to move in, or fail to give written move out notice as required in Par.23 or 36: (B) move out without paying rent in full for the entire . NONRETALIATION. Sept. 1, 1995. 601 (H.B. 3101), Sec. If the acknowledgment is not signed, there is a rebuttable presumption that the notice was not made available to the applicant. A security device that is installed, changed, or rekeyed under this subchapter becomes a fixture of the dwelling. Renumbered from Sec. (B) the agreement for repairs by the tenant is either underlined or printed in boldface in the lease or in a separate written addendum; (C) the agreement is specific and clear; and. If the tenant's rent payment to the landlord is subsidized in whole or in part by a governmental entity, the civil penalty granted under this section shall reflect the fair market rent of the dwelling plus $500. September 1, 2011. 92.0161. Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3637, ch. January 1, 2008. Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3641, ch. For purposes of this subsection, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that the landlord acted without knowledge of the violation. It's also a good option if you don't want to take responsibility for the new tenant and any damage they might cause to the apartment. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. LANDLORD'S DEFENSES RELATING TO COMPLIANCE WITH TENANT'S REQUEST. (c) If the rules or policies are contained in the lease agreement or an attachment to the lease agreement, the title to the paragraph containing the rules or policies must read "Parking" or "Parking Rules" and be capitalized, underlined, or printed in bold print. SUBCHAPTER E. DISCLOSURE OF OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT. 1205, Sec. (C) damage the property of the landlord, other tenants, or neighbors. 1420, Sec. Sec. TYPE, BRAND, AND MANNER OF INSTALLATION. 92.302. (3) a crime of personal violence occurred in the multiunit complex in which the tenant's dwelling is located during the two months preceding the date of the request. Jan. 1, 1984. Following delivery of the affidavit, the landlord must continue diligent efforts to repair or remedy the condition. 1205, Sec. 1, eff. (2) the tenant and the tenant's dependent move, wholly or partly, because of a significant financial loss of income caused by the tenant's military service. (2) exempt any party from a liability or a duty under this section. (c) This section does not create a cause of action or expand an existing cause of action. (e) The notices required by Subsections (b) and (d) must be included in a separate written document given to the tenant at or before execution of the lease. If you turn in keys voluntarily you're technically moving out, forcing the landlord to put the unit back on the market, thus breaking the agreement. (l) A deferred payment plan for the purposes of this section must be in writing. (f) A landlord and tenant may agree that, except for those conditions caused by the negligence of the landlord, the tenant has the duty to pay for repair of the following conditions that may occur during the lease term or a renewal or extension: (1) damage from wastewater stoppages caused by foreign or improper objects in lines that exclusively serve the tenant's dwelling; (2) damage to doors, windows, or screens; and. However . Jan. 1, 1984. (a) If a security deposit was not required by a residential lease and the tenant is liable for damages and charges on surrender of the premises, the landlord shall notify the tenant in writing of the landlord's claim for damages and charges on or before the date the landlord reports the claim to a consumer reporting agency or third-party debt collector. Oral notices of change are insufficient. 92.110. If on a wall, it must be no closer than six inches and no farther than 12 inches from the ceiling or otherwise located in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions. 824 (S.B. 92.258. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 1, eff. (k) For purposes of Subsection (j), "significant financial loss of income" means a reduction of 10 percent or more of the tenant's household income caused by the tenant's military service. 629 (S.B. 576, Sec. 92.006. APPLICATION. (b) A landlord may not, within six months after the date of the tenant's action under Subsection (a), retaliate against the tenant by: (1) filing an eviction proceeding, except for the grounds stated by Section 92.332; (2) depriving the tenant of the use of the premises, except for reasons authorized by law; (4) increasing the tenant's rent or terminating the tenant's lease; or. Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3639, ch. (b) At a tenant's request made before January 1, 1995, a landlord, at the tenant's expense, shall install on an exterior door of a dwelling constructed before September 1, 1993: (1) a keyless bolting device if the door does not have a keyless bolting device; and. texas property code reletting fee; Posted on June 29, 2022; By . SECURITY DEVICES REQUIRED WITHOUT NECESSITY OF TENANT REQUEST. A managing or leasing agent, whether residing or maintaining an office on-site or off-site, is the agent of the landlord for purposes of notice and other communications required or permitted by this subchapter. (a) A landlord who in bad faith retains a security deposit in violation of this subchapter is liable for an amount equal to the sum of $100, three times the portion of the deposit wrongfully withheld, and the tenant's reasonable attorney's fees in a suit to recover the deposit. 92.202. REKEYING OR CHANGE OF SECURITY DEVICES. (B) 48 inches from the floor, if installed on or after September 1, 1993. 2404), Sec. If a landlord removes any of the items listed in this subsection for a bona fide repair or replacement, the repair or replacement must be promptly performed. You are obligated to pay whatever the move out notice indicates, which you signed and, apparently, agreed to, for each and every month until the apartment is rented to a new tenant or until the date your lease expires, whichever comes first. (4) the tenant has the right to install or rekey a security device required by this subchapter and deduct the reasonable cost from the tenant's next rent payment, as provided by Subsection (a)(1). Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 938, Sec. Sec. 357, Sec. (4) "Deposited" means deposited in an account of the landlord or the landlord's agent in a bank or other financial institution. (3) the landlord is expressly required or permitted to periodically check on the well-being or health of the tenant as a part of a written lease or other written agreement. (f) A landlord who violates this section is liable to the tenant for actual damages, a civil penalty equal to the amount of one month's rent plus $500, and attorney's fees. BURDEN OF PROOF. INSTALLATION PROCEDURE. PROVISIONS GENERALLY APPLICABLE TO LANDLORDS AND TENANTS Sec. (3) file suit against the landlord and obtain a judgment for: (C) punitive damages if the tenant suffers actual damages and the landlord's failure to comply is intentional, malicious, or grossly negligent; Sec. The term includes a door between a living area and a garage but does not include a sliding glass door or a screen door. Sept. 1, 1997. (4) The tenant's judicial remedies under Section 92.0563 shall be limited to recovery against the landlord to whom the tenant gave the required notices until the tenant has given the new landlord the notices required by this section and otherwise complied with Section 92.056 as to the new landlord. (b) If a dwelling unit was occupied as a residence before September 1, 2011, or a certificate of occupancy was issued for the dwelling unit before that date, a smoke alarm installed in accordance with Subsection (a) may be powered by battery and is not required to be interconnected with other smoke alarms, except that a smoke alarm that is installed to replace a smoke alarm that was in place on the date the dwelling unit was first occupied as a residence must comply with residential building code standards that applied to the dwelling unit on that date or Section 92.252(b). (3) after the tenant gives a repair notice to the landlord and after the landlord has had a reasonable time to make repairs, the tenant is entitled only to the remedies under Subsection (d) of this section and Subdivisions (3), (4), and (5) of Subsection (a) of Section 92.0563. RIGHT TO VACATE AND AVOID LIABILITY FOLLOWING TENANT'S DEATH. The fair market rent shall be determined by the governmental agency subsidizing the rent, or in the absence of such a determination, it shall be a reasonable amount of rent under the circumstances. Sec. Original Source: (a) In this section, "governmental entity" means the state, an agency of the state, or a political subdivision of the state. However, the landlord's duty to repair or remedy conditions covered by this subchapter may not be waived except as provided by Subsection (e) or (f) of Section 92.006. June 20, 2003. (2) in addition to other remedies available under law, recover from the landlord an amount equal to the sum of the tenant's actual damages, one month's rent plus $1,000, reasonable attorney's fees, and court costs, less any delinquent rents or other sums for which the tenant is liable to the landlord. 92.107. 3, eff. (2) an earlier date agreed to by the landlord and the tenant. (d) In a written lease or other agreement, a landlord and a tenant may agree to a procedure different than the procedure in this section for removing, storing, or disposing of property in the leased premises of a deceased tenant. Sec. (d) A landlord may not continue to prosecute and a court shall abate an action to enforce the lease, other than an action for nonpayment of rent, only until the landlord provides to a tenant a complete copy of the lease if the tenant submits to the court evidence in a plea in abatement or otherwise that the landlord failed to comply with Subsection (a) or (b). Sec. Sec. (b) A management company or managing agent who is not the owner of a dwelling and who has not purported to be the owner in the lease has a defense to liability under Sections 92.164 and 92.165 if before the date the tenant is in possession of the dwelling or the date of the tenant's request for installation, repair, replacement, change, or rekeying and before any property damage or personal injury to the tenant, the management company or managing agent: (1) did not have funds of the dwelling owner in its possession or control with which to comply with this subchapter; (2) made written request to the dwelling owner that the owner fund and allow installation, repair, change, replacement, or rekeying of security devices as required under this subchapter and mailed the request, certified mail return receipt requested, to the dwelling owner; and. texas property code reletting fee texas property code reletting fee Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. Sec. The term does not include occupancy before the initial occupancy date authorized under a lease. 92.013. This duty does not exist with respect to damage or a malfunction caused by the tenant, the tenant's family, or the tenant's guests or invitees during the term of the lease or a renewal or extension, except that the landlord has a duty to repair or replace the smoke alarm if the tenant pays in advance the reasonable repair or replacement cost, including labor, materials, taxes, and overhead. (6) "Tenant" means a person who is authorized by a lease to occupy a dwelling to the exclusion of others and, for the purposes of Subchapters D, E, and F, who is obligated under the lease to pay rent.
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